However, this article shows that it governs not only the special organization of labor, but also the special order of organizing the lives of millions of Russian citizens and spatial organization of economic and social activity in Russian regions and municipalities. Legally, shift work in Russia is regulated only from the viewpoint of the employer–employee relationship. Unfortunately, statistics do not give objective information about this phenomenon therefore, estimates by different researchers vary significantly. Such work is becoming one of the most dominant type of labor migration and an active factor of spatially mediated depopulation, which was analyzed in the previous issue of this journal. Our contemporaries are increasingly using the concept of otkhodnichestvo, finding direct parallels with shift work. The phenomenon of shift work historically grew out of prerevolutionary otkhodnichestvo, which does not fully coincide with the concept of seasonal work. Among them, a significant place is occupied by commuting (daily departure to the place of work in another locality) and shift labor organization (departure to a place of work for a long time due to the irrationality of daily return to the place of permanent residence). Combined with new opportunities for its spatial mobility, this has led to the development of intra-Russian and intraregional labor migrations. Modern Russia is characterized by a frequent discrepancy between the places of employment and residence of the able-bodied population.
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